Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Body Dysmorphic Disorder, BDD, is defined as a preoccupation of defects in an individual’s appearance, which causes distress and impairment to their daily life (Himanshu et al, 2020). The disorder is characterized by time-consuming rituals, mirror gazing and constantly comparing themselves to other people (Himanshu et al, 2020). Other repetitive behaviours can include skin picking to attempt to smooth the appearance of the skin and excessive grooming (NHS, 2020). BDD does not mean that the individual is vain or self-obsessed, it is a disorder that has a negative impact on their life, spending hours trying to conceal perceived flaws (NHS, 2020). Patients may look in the mirror frequently or avoid their reflection altogether (NHS, 2020). The disorder can lead to depression, self-harm and in extreme cases suicide (NHS, 2020). The results cause significant distress, isolation, and social and occupational impairment for the sufferer (Himanshu et al, 2020). It is important to seek help for BDD and not to feel ashamed or embarrassed because the condition will not go away without treatment (NHS, 2020).
The cause is not exactly known (NHS, 2020). There is an overlap between BDD and anorexia as both are rooted in perfectionism (Himanshu et al, 2020). There is also co-morbid association with obsessive-compulsive behaviour, generalised anxiety disorder or eating disorder (Himanshu et al, 2020). Social media is considered a significant factor in declining body image and in the rise of BDD (Himanshu et al, 2020). The effects of BDD generally develop in adolescence in both boys and girls (Himanshu et al, 2020). Patients often also report traumatic life experiences in their past such as, bullying, childhood abuse and neglect (Himanshu et al, 2020).
Cognitive behavioural therapy has been proven to be effective (NHS, 2020). Cognitive behavioural therapy helps you to learn how negative thoughts, emotional reactions and behaviours will maintain problems over time (NHS, 2020). The therapy will challenge your automatic negative thoughts about your body image and help to learn more flexible ways of thinking (Mayo, 2022). CBT helps you to learn what is triggering your symptoms and teach you different ways of thinking and dealing with your habits (NHS, 2020). Educating yourself about Body Dysmorphic Disorder along with CBT will empower you and motivate you towards positive change (Mayo, 2022). Finding a therapist that is a good fit for you is the first step, then agreeing on goals together (Mayo, 2022).
At Vaughan Counselling and Psychotherapy, we offer a free service to match you with the right therapist for you. We have many therapists who specialize in CBT, feel free to contact us to book a session!
References
A new reality for beauty standards: How selfies and filters affect body image | EurekAlert! Science News. Available from: https:// www.eurekalert.org/pub%5freleases/2018-08/bmc-anr080118.php . [Last accessed on 2019 Jul 29].
Himanshu, Kaur, A., Kaur, A., & Singla, G. (2020). Rising dysmorphia among adolescents: A cause for concern. Journal of Family Medicine & Primary Care, 9(2), 567–570. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_738_19
NHS (2020). Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD). [online] nhs.uk. Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/body-dysmorphia/.
Mayo Clinic, (2022). Body dysmorphic disorder - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic. [online] Mayoclinic.org. Available at: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/body-dysmorphic-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353944.